This course introduces the fundamental principles of immunology, focusing on the body’s defense mechanisms against diseases. It covers the nature and functions of antigens and antibodies, the key components of the immune response. Students will explore the different kinds of immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity, and how these systems protect the body from pathogens. The course also examines immunological techniques and the uses of serological methods in disease diagnosis, research, and medical applications, providing a strong foundation for further studies in medical and clinical microbiology.