Probability I introduces students to the fundamental concepts of probability theory and its applications in analyzing random phenomena. The course includes random experiments, sample spaces, events, probability rules, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, independence, discrete and continuous random variables, and probability distributions (such as binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions). It also covers expected value, variance, and standard deviation. The course develops students’ logical and statistical reasoning skills and prepares them for further study in statistical inference and data analysis.