This course focuses on the control of microorganisms through methods of sterilization and disinfection, emphasizing principles and practices essential for preventing microbial growth and infection. It also explores the mode of action and clinical importance of antibiotics, as well as the host–parasite relationship and its role in disease development. Students will study the medically important viruses, bacteria, and fungi, gaining an understanding of their characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and significance in human health and disease prevention.