This course introduces the fundamental concepts of microbiology, including its history and significance in understanding the microbial world. It explores the structure and functions of microbial cells, highlighting the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Students will study microbial nutrition, growth, and reproduction, gaining insight into how microorganisms sustain and propagate life. The course also provides both conceptual and experimental foundations for understanding major groups of microorganisms—viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa—preparing students for more advanced studies in related biological and biomedical fields.